Supernatural In Macbeth Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Supernatural In Macbeth Supernatural Forces In Macbeth, there are many sections that refer to the involvement of the supernatural. The use of the supernatural in the script, the witches, the visions, the ghost of Banquo, and the apparitions, are key elements making the concept of the play work and in making the play interesting. Supernatural forces are definitely a major factor in developing the play. The use of the supernatural occurs at the beginning of the play, with three witches predicting the fate of Macbeth. This gives the audience a clue to what the future holds for Macbeth. When the battles lost and won (1.1.4), is said by the second witch, stating that the battle is lost by one side, and won by another. Macbeths fate is that he will win the battle, but will lose his soul. After the witches reveal the destiny of Macbeth, the plan to gain the power of the throne is brought up. The only way to gain the power of the throne is for Macbeth to work his way to the throne, or to murder King Duncan. Murdering the king is an easier plan. Lady Macbeth also relies on the supernatural in her soliloquy, where she calls upon the spirits to give her the power to plot the murder of Duncan without any remorse or conscience. Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty (1.5.47-50). Lady Macbeth convinces her husband, Macbeth, to murder King Duncan. On the night they plan to kill Duncan, Macbeth is waiting for Lady Macbeth to ring the bell, signaling him to go to Duncans chamber. On his way, he sees the vision of the dagger. The significance of the dagger is that it leads Macbeth towards the chamber by the presence of evil, it being covered with blood. When the bell rings, Macbeth stealthily proceeds up the staircase to Duncans chamber. After the murder is committed, Banquo develops suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan to gain power to the throne. There is constantly more guilt and fear inside Macbeth and his wife, and they decide to have Banquo killed. Macbeth and his lady attend a banquet in which the ghost of Banquo appears. Once the murderer notifies Macbeth that the deed has been done, he observes the ghost of Banquo sitting in his reserved seat. This causes Macbeth to act in a wild manner, making people suspicious of his actions. (3.4.54-150) Further on in the play, Macbeth travels to meet the witches and demands to know what lies ahead for him. The three witches predict what he is going to ask and produce the first apparition, the armed head. The first apparition tells Macbeth to beware of Macduff. Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff! Beware the thane of Fife! Dismiss me. Enough (1.4.81-82). After this, the second apparition appears, a bloody child. Be bloody, bold, and resolute. Laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth (4.1.90-92). The apparition informs Macbeth that no man born from a woman, naturally, can harm him. Finally, the third apparition appears as a crowned child, with a tree in his hand. The apparition says that Macbeth will never be defeated until Birnam forest moves to Dunsinane. Be lion-mettled, proud, and take no care who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are. Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against hi m (4.1.103-107). These apparitions convince Macbeth that this is his fate and Macbeth becomes over confident, leading him to his death. The use of the supernatural in Macbeth brings the play to an end quite successfully. Stripped of the witches, the ghost of Banquo, the visions, and the apparitions, Shakespeare would require a different route to deliver the theme of the play, and consequentially, would lose most, if not all, of its significance it holds. English Essays

Immigration Essays (772 words) - Immigration To The United States

Immigration Essays (772 words) - Immigration To The United States Immigration Immigraton in the U.S. While immigration has played an important role in the building and formation of America, new federal laws have resulted in mass immigration. Throughout history, Congress has enacted laws and has had to amend them to control the flow of both legal and illegal migration to the United States. In 1948, legislation was first enacted in an effort to control the number of applicants fleeing persecution; it permitted 205,000 refugees to enter the United States. In 1952, Congress set in place major regulations setting parameters and quotas mostly for the eastern hemisphere and leaving the western hemisphere unrestricted. In 1953, congress was again faced with having to increase the number of refugees from 205,000 to 415,000. In order to qualify as a refugee one must have a well founded fear of persecution, not be firmly resettled in a third country, and must not be an aggravated felon. In 1965, the national origins quota system was abolished but still maintained was the principle of numerical by establishing 170,000 hemispheric and 20,000 per country ceilings and a seven 1 category preference system. This system included the spouses of lawful resident aliens, brother and sisters of United States citizens, skilled and unskilled workers. To present date spouses and minor children of US citizens are exempt any quota system. In 1980, the refugee act removed them from the preference category and established clear criteria and procedures for their admission. In 1986, Congress was faced with yet another national crisis which it attempted to resolve by enacting the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). IRCA was considered to be the most comprehensive act which was to grant amnesty to those who had resided in the US illegally since January 1, 1982, (2) created sanctions against persons and companies that hired illegal aliens, (3) created the a new classification of temporary agriculture and granted amnesty to such workers, (4) created a new visa waiver pilot program (VWPP) allowing the admission of certain non-immigrants without visas, (4) created legislature for conditional status for those couples whose marriage is less than two years prior to immigrating to the US. Under IRCA 2.7 illegal aliens mostly from Mexico were given legal immigrant status. These new laws opened the door to the longest and largest wave of immigration ever-27 million since 1965, including illegal entries. The visa waiver pilot program (VWPP) is designed to extend reciprocity to the countries that permit US citizens to visit their countries without the need of a tourist visa. To date a total of twenty-nine countries are signatory to the treaty. In order to qualify, countries must have a low rate of non-immigrant overstays to the US, and must have state of the art machine readable passports. 2 Prior to the enactment of IRCA, marriage fraud between non-citizens and US citizens was rampant and out of control. Measures were put in place to reduce this by requiring couples to submit proof to INS. This proof must show that the couple has been living together and submitted ninety days prior to the second anniversary. If the couple fails to establish that the marriage is valid, the non-citizen will not become a lawful permanent resident and will be faced with and order of deportation. The only exception, is that the non-citizen cannot be the subject of spousal abuse and be expected to remain in the marriage for the two years. After almost thirteen years, Congress and the United States citizens have had the misfortune of reflecting on the blunders of the Immigration Reform Act of 1986(IRCA). The amnesty permanently added millions of poor people to our society. A study done by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) showed that after ten years in the United States, the average amnestied illegal alien had only a seventh grade education and an annual salary of less than $9,000 a year. The cost of amnesty to the American taxpayer is unbelievable. According to a recent study by the Center for American studies, the total net cost of amnesty after ten years comes to over $78 billion dollars. An amnesty sends the message that its okay to break the law. Eventually, it says, you will be forgiven, even rewarded for doing so. Further-more, it makes a mockery of the legal immigration process, where-in those who obey the rules, wait years to immigrate. Their is a list of 3.6 million eligible people waiting to be admitted as immigrants to our country; some of them have been on 3 that list for eighteen years. Illegal aliens make a mockery of those who respect our laws and

What are the characteristics of the radiation emitted by a blackbody - Speech or Presentation

What are the characteristics of the radiation emitted by a blackbody - Please show me your calculations - Speech or Presentation Example Wien’s Law in particular, states that for blackbody emissions, the higher its temperature, the higher either the frequency or the lower the wavelengths of the given predominant light emitted by the blackbody (Mahmoud 568). It can, as well be stated as the wavelength of maximum emitted radiation is often inversely proportional to absolute temperature (T). Mathematically, this law is stated as Peak Wavelength (ÃŽ ») = 0.29/T, where T is in degrees Kelvin, and Peak Wavelength is I centimeters. In this respect, one characteristic of a blackbody radiation is its temperature. Stefan-Boltzmann Law, on the other hand states that the amount of energy that is given off by the black body per second per unit area is always proportional to the forth power of the blackbody temperature. E = Sigma X Temperature to the fourth power (Mahmoud 568). From this law, the second characteristic of the back body radiation is the thermal energy possessed by the radiation. Basing on the Wien’s for mula, T = 0.29/ÃŽ ». Therefore, for the hottest where ÃŽ » = 200nm, the temperature = 0.29/200nm = 0.00145 and for the less hot object whose ÃŽ »= 650nm, T = 0.29/650nm = 0.0004461539. from these results, it is clear that the hottest body is 0.00145/0.0004461539 = 3.25 times that other

Executive Compensation and WorldCom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Executive Compensation and WorldCom - Essay Example His strategy, however, failed, and the company’s expenses increased as a percentage of total revenue occasioned by a drop in growth of earning. By falsifying WorldCom’s accounting numbers, he hid the operating expenses and instead presented them as long-term capital investments, effectively but falsely showing increased assets. However, concerns arose when AT&T, the then leading telecommunication company, was posting loses yet WorldCom was seemed to be thriving, which led to internal audits that, in turn, led to revelations that accounting standards had not been followed. Eventually, the company filed for bankruptcy. Feeling unsatisfied with the low profit margins the telecommunication was comfortable with in the 1990s, CEO Bernard Ebbers of WorldCom, which was the second most successful telecommunication company then, acquired more than 60 small telecommunication companies between 1995 and 2000. After venturing into the internet and data business, by 2000 WorldCom was handling not only half of the internet traffic in the United States, but also half of the world’s total emails. In 2001, it owned a third of the United States’ data cables. From this description, WorldCom was by all accounts a telecommunication giant, only second to AT&T as a long-distance carrier. However, as has been the tradition with executive compensation and remuneration for many years, executives also earn more when the companies perform better (Neokleous, 2013). Bernard Ebbers, therefore, not only made profit for WorldCom’s shareholders and owners, his personal wealth was also growing. Yet, when the in dustry started experiencing business declines, the company was also affected and the price of its stocks dropped, reducing profits. Ebbers used unscrupulous means to show that the company was indeed making profits and, as a direct consequence, ensure his executive compensation (Jeter, 2003). This paper will

Discussion on developmental Democracy Research Paper

Discussion on developmental Democracy - Research Paper Example To better comprehend the strands of republican impression it is crucial to understand its origin in early liberal thought (Held, 2006). The concept of ‘social democratic’ politics has emerged from the beliefs and theories of developmental democracy but it actually fructified in the real politics and policies of the popular Keynesian and interventionist state only after the 2nd World War. The fast economic development after the 2nd World War helped finance a program of make-believe sort of greater welfare but the worldwide economic recession of the 1970s reduced the appeal of the welfare program for not serving the cause of common welfare by both the left and the right. Various stakeholders of the concept of greater social welfare such as politicians, trade unionists and industrialists could not hold the torch together any more but the concept of equality and justice for all cleared the path of a comprehensive program of state intervention in civil society. But no decisiv e limitations were stipulated for the state intervention, thus promoting paternalism, bureaucracy and hierarchy throughout the state politics, which had their own outcomes on the dynamics of democracy (Held, 2006). Developmental democracy is one of the classical models of democracy. It holds that people can bring about change for the better in society through participation in government and community matters for the common welfare of all. Developmental is a part of democracy that states the process used by people to inculcate human prowess to help in creating consciousness of their actions aimed at people themselves to take care of their overall welfare. Citizens play an active role in government and local administrative matters via voting and sharing their opinion with the elected representatives, and also with the government spokespersons. Democracy becomes a medium of educating people and increasing their self-welfare potential. Politics offers a platform to them to use their pow er of taking crucial decisions in other fields. The developmental model employs indirect representation just for the reason that direct involvement is not practically possible like participatory democracy. Developmental democracy offers the possibility of political and social equality. In general, the development model takes it for granted that people can gain civic traits and improve upon their human virtues by actively playing their part in democracy (Library, Think Quest). The purpose of electoral democracy is to promote social and political awareness but this notion inclines to provide greater attention to the ‘professionalization of public policy’ by laying increased focus on political parties and civil society ignoring the fact that democracy is not only of the people and by the people but for the people. Worldwide, a new inclination is being observed towards consumer democracy taking the place of citizen democracy with citizens playing various roles such as consu mers, customers, users, and observing of government offerings as products available in the reach of those only who have the resources to buy (Edigheji, 2005). Thus, negative trends can be observed in the form of sectarian disputes, parties divided on the distribution of private wealth, and disinterest of

Dynamics of Negotiations: Failed GE-Honeywell Merger Deal

Dynamics of Negotiations: Failed GE-Honeywell Merger Deal Conceptually, the purpose of every negotiation is to reach an agreement and realize the desired outcome, through efficient and amicable resolutions. The simple principle is to separate the parties from the issue, and focus on their interests rather than positions. But in reality, the process is not always so-especially in multiparty negotiations, which involves multiple parties with varying interests and differences. The objective of this essay therefore, is to critically analyze the complex nature of multiparty negotiations; with specific reference to a failed GE-Honeywell merger deal. The ultimate aim is to highlight the dynamics of the negotiations from standpoint of the parties interests and positions in the overall outcome. Keywords: multiparty negotiations, desired outcome, interests positions, failed merger. 1. Introduction Multiparty negotiation is defined in this context, as interactions involving multiple parties with varying interests and differences. Multiparty negotiation can be a complex and messy process, often with non-obvious outcomes. A number of elements make multiparty interactions significantly more complex and awkward than two-party negotiations. A notable difference is the variety of decision rules that might occur. For instance, in a two-party arrangement, failure of both parties to reach agreement leads to impasse; whereas, in multiparty negotiations, different decision rules could apply. In this article, analysis is focused on interests, differences and positions of all the parties involved in negotiating the (2001-2005), proposed business merger between General Electric Company and Honeywell International Inc. The rationale is to examine the interplay between the parties, in terms of strategies and tactics adopted during negotiations; degree of awareness of the parties BATNA and extent to which they employed competitive or cooperative strategies. The report also attempts to identify framing/anchoring techniques in the negotiations, and equally consider the role of trust, reputation and expertise in the overall decision/outcome of the negotiations. 2. Main Parties Involved The bid by General Electric (GE) to take over Honeywell International Inc. in 2001 was set to become the biggest merger in industrial history, when the European Commission barred it from taking place1. This transatlantic negotiations for a business merger involved strategic parties such as: GE Manufacturing Company, GE Capital Services, United States Department of Justice, the US Military, European Commission and the European Court of First Instance (CFI). Notable among individual personalities who also participated actively and played tactical roles in the negotiations are: European competition commissioner- Mario Monti and the GE Spokesperson-Jonathan Todd. 3. Institutional and Historical Context In 2001, one of the biggest companies in the world, General Electric-American giant manufacturer of aircraft engines; was attracted by Honeywell Internationals aerospace businesses1-avionics technology, which fit in perfectly with GEs business interests; creating remarkable synergies for these two American companies. GE Manufacturing Company was responsible for operational aspect, while all financial obligations for the merger were the responsibility of GE Capital Services-the financial arm of General Electric. The United States Department of Justice as a critical party in the negotiations, had earlier passed the merger, on condition that GE divest itself of Honeywells military helicopter unit, to protect the US military1. However, approval from European Commission was not easy to obtain and the deal fell through. 4. Interests/Positions of the Parties According to GE-Honeywell, their interest in the merger was to capitalize on core business competencies and create synergies. Other expressed reasons included, increasing market power and sharing infrastructure. The US-Department of Justice was happy with the proposed-merger and consented to it. However, it took cognizance of the concerns of US-Military over the security of their military helicopters; whose manufacture/servicing was vested with Honeywell. In view of this, the Department agreed with all other terms of the negotiations, but recommended that GE divest itself of Honeywells military helicopter unit; to protect the US military1. Conversely, the European Commission-EC was unhappy with the deal and prohibited its emergence. Their interest was to protect European markets from perceived monopoly. EC argued that a merger between GE and Honeywell would create too powerful an entity that would adversely affect the competitive position in the aerospace industry1. They maintained that the merger would give the two companies huge combined market share in the common markets in which they operated1. This, they observed would harm competitors as well as customers, by creating a near monopoly situation1. 5. Strategies and Tactics Adopted All the parties involved in this negotiation failed to invent options for mutual gain. While GE-Honeywell was more of contending and unwilling to concede to any of the demands; the EC on their part appeared to have had bottom-line in the negotiations, as they never considered other options outside their interests. They all exhibited clear case of high-concern for self and low-concern for others. For instance, The EC demanded that substantial chunks (amounting to about $ 7 billion) be divested by the two companies, and restrictions be imposed on the operations of the highly profitable GE Capital Services1. The demands GE said were far more than what it was ready to concede. The American companies and the regulatory authorities resorted to threats and slow/low commitment tactics; while the EC stood on take-it-or-leave-it option. 6. Awareness of BATNA and Use of Competitive/Cooperative Strategy It is obvious that the flexibility of Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement-BATNA, which was supposed to show all the parties what alternatives to negotiated agreements would be, and equally serve as standard against which agreements be measured; was neglected in favor of predetermined bottom-line. GE and its allies for example, recognized court litigation as their only BATNA, while EC predetermined a ban without further options. As it were with many multiparty negotiations, the differences in interests/positions of the transatlantic regulatory authorities; gave rise to competitiveness instead of cooperative strategy, which was unfortunately not resolved. Having used much of delay tactics, their inability to cooperate and explore other options to resolve their differences caused the deal fell through. 7. Use of Framing and Anchoring Techniques Anchoring and Framing are two psychological techniques that negotiators use to influence the negotiation process and its final outcome. While frames give alternative descriptions that help negotiators make sense of complex information and focus on the main issue; Anchors as bobby traps are set by negotiators to win their opponents, by defining the mental parameters within which the process operates. These two techniques featured prominently in this negotiation. For example, the EC being fully aware of its predetermined bottom-line set anchors for GE, by making outrageous demand for huge divestment of $ 7 Billion and other heavy sanctions it knew GE will be unwilling to concede. These high claims indeed misled GE. The US Department of Justice also used Framing technique to quickly self-guard US Military, by recommending a divestment from its helicopter arm from the merger. The Department focused on the main issue and disregarded any other feature outside the frame of the main issue. Also, the resorted name-calling by the merging companies and their allies on EC as being dubious and anti-American business; was part of their anchoring to provoke favorable decision and skew the final outcome. 8. Role of Trust/Reputation/Expertise and the Non-obvious Solution It is glaring that reputation/expertise of the merging companies remained the focal issue upon which the negotiating authorities based their arguments-of which many commentators knew would not produce an obvious solution. GE has a reputation of being arguably, the richest and best aircraft engines manufacturer in the world; and Honeywell was rated worlds number one in manufacture of aircraft avionics. The estimated capital worth of their merger was about $42 Billion2, which indeed played an intimidating role in the negotiation. Lack of trust became a critical factor that determined the final outcome of the negotiations. While EC questioned the integrity of the merger, and viewed it as a plot by the American companies to create monopoly and harm competitors/customers; the American companies and their supporters described ECs position as anti- American business attitude2. This undercurrent of tension/distrust ran so deep across the ranks that some called it transatlantic trade war2. With grandstanding positions by the parties from onset, many opined individuals/groups pointed earlier that there was possibility of non-obvious solution, which indeed became the final outcome 9. Lessons Learnt and Conclusions The important lesson learnt here, which is in total agreement with the concept of negotiation, as can be deduced from above examples is that making multi-party negotiations work successfully is a complicated and complex process. As can be inferred from above analysis, the negotiation fell through because of varying interests, parties differences and lack of trust. Strategically, the merger made good business sense, but contrasting positions hindered its realization hence, a failed merger. This special-type multiparty negotiations, marked the first time in negotiation history that transatlantic regulatory authorities differed significantly in their decisions. Conclusively, it is worth noting here that meticulous consultations with effective use of individual BATNAs, Framing and Cooperative strategies during the interactions; would likely have paved the way for successful negotiations that would be of mutual (win-win) benefits.

Essay --

What exactly is a hipster? Dictionary.com defines one as "a person, especially during the 1950s, characterized by a particularly strong sense of alienation from most established social activities and relationships". Throughout history, there have always been droves of individuals who choose to be nonconformists. This is a lifestyle that labels such people as outcasts, hippies and beatniks. Those who are labeled as such endure a rough lifestyle, whether it is living in nature or perhaps walking the streets as a vagabond. These people live by complex philosophies, but to what purpose? I’m fascinated by the fact that they experience discrimination and ridicule, but choose to keep living with it. So exactly what is the appeal to counterculture? What is it about modern society and the mainstream that causes these people to ostracize themselves and announce their individualism? That’s what I hope to find out. I decided to track back to the roots of counter culturist movements. I discovered that after World War II, the nation’s economy boomed and fear began to grow over the growing nuclear arms race. Concern about the future led many young people to become more active in social causes, from the civil rights movement to President Kennedys Peace Corps. This generation was known as the beat movement, it defined an ideology for disaffected, rebellious youth of that decade. Due to the economic boom, many people could afford to go to college and enrollment rose from 3.1 million to almost 5 million. Protest began to rage across the country. The beat movement led to many new youth culture movement in the coming years, such as hippie culture. The hippies represented a rebellion against mass culture in the U.S. They rejected traditional values an... ...ed to hold their own place in history and be known for fixing an issue or perhaps toppling the government in their own obscure fashion. I believe that growing numbers of non-conformists happens to be ironic and an entirely different situation on its own, but perhaps it’s for a more personal reason. Looking at history up to now, one would address my earlier conjecture, who would want to put themselves through hell and ridicule, most likely knowing that they cannot cause upheaval alone? I believe that it is due to the fact that none of these people are comfortable being mixed into a crowd. They strongly look towards transcendentalism to individualize themselves. The youth doesn’t want to be labeled as a just another number. They want to feel important and be their own person. Riots and violent protests might not be the most orthodox solution, but it sure is effective.